Negócios de Impacto: Um Conceito em Construção
DOI:
10.14211/regepe.v9i4.1980Keywords:
Negócios, Impacto, Hibridismo, EcossistemaAbstract
Objetivo: esclarecer o papel, os limites e os desafios da conceituação de negócios de impacto.
Metodologia: ensaio teórico que discorre sobre as diferentes perspectivas de agregação de valor socioambiental por parte das empresas partindo de uma visão de compensação de externalidades negativas até a inserção na estratégia organizacional e novos atores do ecossistema de negócios de impacto.
Principais resultados: Ausência de um consenso para uma definição única marca o desenvolvimento da literatura acadêmica e do campo prático. Atores do ecossistema de negócios de impacto consideram importante ter uma definição para aumentar o engajamento de novos atores, mas se deparam com o dilema de escolher entre uma definição mais restrita ou mais ampla.
Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: negócios de impacto devem ser analisados a partir de uma perspectiva de hibridismo organizacional que combina diferentes lógicas institucionais. Há um espectro amplo de possibilidades de incorporação da lógica de mercado e da lógica social na concepção de um modelo de negócio tornando muito frágil qualquer tipo de definição operacional e arriscado o estabelecimento de contornos rígidos que não dialoguem com outros atores que já atuam na agenda socioambiental.
Relevância/originalidade: o artigo posiciona os negócios de impacto como um conceito polissêmico, incompatível com uma única terminologia, estudado com uma perspectiva de hibridismo organizacional.
Contribuições sociais: os negócios de impacto despontam como uma alternativa de mercado para a contribuição na solução dos problemas socioambientais, mas que devem ser vistos em colaboração e complementariedade entre muitos atores.
Downloads
References
Aguinis, H., & Glavas, A. (2012). What We Know and Don't Know About Corporate Social Responsibility: A Review and Research Agenda. Journal of Management, 38(4), 932-968. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206311436079 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206311436079
Alter, S. K. (2006). Social Enterprise Models and Their Mission and Money Relationships. In A. Nicholls (Ed.). Social Entrepreneuriship: New Models of Sustainable Social Change (pp. 205-232). Oxford: Oxford University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199283873.003.0011
Alter, S. K. (2007). Social Enterprise Typology. Virtue Ventures LLC, 1-31. Recuperado de http://rinovations.edublogs.org/files/2008/07/setypology.pdf
Angelo, F. D., Amui, L. B. L., Caldana, A. C. F., & Jabbour, C. J. C. (2012). Towards a strategic CSR: a Brazilian case study. Business Strategy Series, 13(5), 224-238. https://doi.org/10.1108/17515631211264104 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/17515631211264104
Austin, J. (2002). The Collaboration Challenge: How Non profits and Businesses succeed Through Strategic Alliances. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Austin, J., Stevenson, H., & Wei-Skillern, J. (2012). Social and commercial entrepreneurship: same, different, or both? Revista de Administração, 47(3), 370-384. https://doi.org/10.5700/rausp1055 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5700/rausp1055
Bakker, F. De, Groenewegen, P., & Den Hond, F. (2005). A Bibliometric Analysis of 30 Years of Research and Theory on Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Social Performance. Business & Society, 44(3), 283-317. https://doi.org/10.1177/0007650305278086 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0007650305278086
Barki, E. (2013). O Mercado da Base da Pirâmide. In Negócios com Impacto Social no Brasil (pp. 20–40). São Paulo, SP: Peirópolis.
Barki, E. (2015). Negócios de Impacto: Tendência ou Modismo? GV Executivo, 14(1), 14-17. Retrieved from http://bibliotecadigital.fgv.br/ojs/index.php/gvexecutivo/article/viewFile/49183/47996 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12660/gvexec.v14n1.2015.49183
Barki, E., Comini, G. M., & Torres, H. da G. (2019). Negócios de Impacto Socioambiental no Brasil – como empreender, financiar e apoiar. (E. Barki, G. M. Comini, & H. da G. Torres, Eds.). Rio de Janeiro: FGV Editora. Retrieved from http://ice.org.br/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Negócios-de-impacto-socioambiental-no-Brasil_ebook.pdf
Battilana, J., Besharov, M., & Mitzinneck, B. (2017). On hybrids and hybrid organizing: A review and roadmap for future research. In R. Greenwood, C. Oliver, T. B. Lawrence, & R. E. Meyer (Eds.). The SAGE Handbook of Organizational Institutionalism. (2nd ed., pp. 128-162). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446280669.n6
Battilana, J., & Dorado, S. (2010). Building Sustainable Hybrid Organizations: The Case of Commercial Microfinance Organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 53(6), 1419-1440. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMJ.2010.57318391 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2010.57318391
Battilana, J., & Lee, M. (2014). Advancing Research on Hybrid Organizing – Insights from the Study of Social Enterprises. The Academy of Management Annals, 8(1), 397-441. https://doi.org/10.1080/19416520.2014.893615 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/19416520.2014.893615
Battilana, J., Lee, M., Walker, J., & Dorsey, C. (2012). In Search of the Hybrid Ideal. Stanford Social Innovation Review, 10(3), 49-55. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8WD497M
Blowfield, M., & Murray, A. (2008). The meaning and the origins of corporate responsibility. In M. Blowfield & A. Murray (Eds.). Corporate responsibility: a critical introduction (p. 425). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Boaventura, J., Cardoso, F., Silva, E. S. da, & Silva, R. S. da. (2009). Teoria dos stakeholders e teoria da firma: um estudo sobre a hierarquização das funções-objetivo em empresas brasileiras. Revista Brasileira de Gestão de Negócios, 11(32), 289-307. Retrieved from https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/947/94712655005.pdf
Brandsen, T., & Karré, P. M. (2011). Hybrid Organizations: No Cause for Concern? International Journal of Public Administration, 34(13), 827-836. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2011.605090 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2011.605090
Cajazeira, J. E. R., & Barbieri, J. C. (2007). The quest for social responsibility. ISO Focus, 4(9), 20-22.
Carroll, A. B. (1979). A Three-Dimensional Conceptual Model of Corporate Performance. Academy of Management Review, 4(4), 497-505. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.1979.4498296 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1979.4498296
Carroll, A. B. (1991). The pyramid of corporate social responsibility: Toward the moral management of organizational stakeholders. Business Horizons, 34(4), 39-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/0007-6813(91)90005-G DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0007-6813(91)90005-G
Carroll, A. B. (1999). Corporate Social Responsibility: Evolution of a Definitional Construct. Business & Society, 38(3), 268-295. https://doi.org/10.1177/000765039903800303 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/000765039903800303
Carroll, A. B. (2008). A History of Corporate Social Responsability: Concepts and Practices. In The Oxford Handbook of Corporate Social Responsability (pp. 19-46). New York: Oxford University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199211593.003.0002
Comini, G. M., Barki, E., & Aguiar, L. T. De. (2012). A three-pronged approach to social business: a Brazilian multi-case analysis social businesses. Revista de Administração, 47(3), 385-397. https://doi.org/10.5700/rausp1045 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5700/rausp1045
Comini, G. M., & Fischer, R. M. (2017). Lições da Prática: Reflexões sobre os elos entre organizações da sociedade civil e negócios de impacto socioambientais. Retrieved from http://ice.org.br/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Lições-da-Prática.pdf
Conger, M., McMullen, J. S., Bergman, B. J., & York, J. G. (2018). Category membership, identity control, and the reevaluation of prosocial opportunities. Journal of Business Venturing, 33(2), 179-206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2017.11.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2017.11.004
Crane, A., Spence, L. J., Palazzo, G., Spence, L. J., & Matten, D. (2014). Contesting the Value of "Creating Shared Value." California Management Review, 56(2), 130-153. https://doi.org/10.1525%2Fcmr.2014.56.2.130 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/cmr.2014.56.2.130
Dacin, P. A., Dacin, M. T., & Matear, M. (2010). Social Entrepreneurship: Why We Don't Need a New Theory and How We Move Forward From Here. Academy of Management Perspectives, 24(3), 37-57. http://www.jstor.org/stable/29764973 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/AMP.2010.52842950
Dahlsrud, A. (2008). How corporate social responsibility is defined: An analysis of 37 definitions. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 15(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.132 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.132
Dees, J. G. (1998). Enterprising nonprofits: What do you do when traditional sources of funding fall short. Harvard business review, 76(1), 55-67.
Defourny, J., & Nyssens, M. (2017). Fundamentals for an International Typology of Social Enterprise Models. Voluntas, 28(6), 2469-2497. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-017-9884-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-017-9884-7
Dembek, K., Singh, P., & Bhakoo, V. (2016). Literature Review of Shared Value: A Theoretical Concept or a Management Buzzword? Journal of Business Ethics, 137(2), 231-267. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2554-z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2554-z
Doherty, B., Haugh, H., & Lyon, F. (2014). Social Enterprises as Hybrid Organizations: A Review and Research Agenda. International Journal of Management Reviews, 16(4), 417-436. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12028 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12028
Dufays, F., & Huybrechts, B. (2015). Where do hybrids come from? Entrepreneurial team heterogeneity as an avenue for the emergence of hybrid organizations. International Small Business Journal, 34(6), 777-796. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242615585152 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242615585152
Dwivedi, A., & Weerawardena, J. (2018). Conceptualizing and operationalizing the social entrepreneurship construct. Journal of Business Research, 86(January), 32-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.01.053 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.01.053
Ebrahim, A., Battilana, J., & Mair, J. (2014). The governance of social enterprises: Mission drift and accountability challenges in hybrid organizations. Research in Organizational Behavior, 34, 81-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2014.09.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2014.09.001
Elkington, J. (2001). Canibais de Garfo e Face. São Paulo: Makron Books.
Elkington, J. (2018). 25 Years Ago I Coined the Phrase "Triple Bottom Line. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2018/06/25-years-ago-i-coined-the-phrase-triple-bottom-line-heres-why-im-giving-up-on-it
Emmert, M. (1987). Public-Private Cooperation and Hybrid Organizations. Journal of Management, 13(1), 55–67. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920638701300105 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/014920638701300105
Fischer, R. M. (2002). Responsabilidade social: um conceito em busca de definição. In R. M. Fischer (Ed.), O Desafio da Colaboração: práicas de responsabilidade social entre empresas e terceiro setor (pp. 73-100). São Paulo: Editora Gente.
Fischer, R. M. (2014). Negocios Sociais. In R. de F. Boullosa (Ed.), Dicionário para a Formação em Gestão Social (pp. 125-127). Salvador, BA: CIAGS/UFBA.
Fischer, R. M., & Comini, G. M. (2012). Sustainable development: from responsibility to entrepreneurship. Revista de Administração, 47(3), 363-369. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0080-21072012000300002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5700/rausp1044
Força Tarefa de Finanças Sociais. (2015). Carta de Princípios para Negócios de Impacto no Brasil. São Paulo: ICE e Sitawi.
Freeman, R. E. (1984). Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach. Boston: Pitman.
Freeman, R. E., Harrison, J., & Wicks, A. (2007). Managing for stakeholders: survival, reputation, and success. New Haven & London: Yale University Press.
Gonçalves-Dias, S. L. F. (2014). Sustentabilidade. In R. de Freitas (Ed.). Dicionário para a Formação em Gestão Social (1st ed., pp. 165-168). Salvador: CIAGS/UFBA.
Gonçalves, C. P., Carrara, K., & Schmittel, R. M. (2016). The Phenomenon of Social Enterprises: Are We Keeping Watch on This Cultural Practice? Voluntas, 27(4), 1585-1610. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-015-9624-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-015-9624-9
Griffin, J. J. (2000). Corporate Social Performance: Research Directions for the 21st Century. Business & Society, 39(4), 479-491. https://doi.org/10.1177/000765030003900407 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/000765030003900407
Haigh, N., & Hoffman, A. J. (2012). Hybrid organizations: The next chapter of sustainable business. Organizational Dynamics, 41(2), 126-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2012.01.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2012.01.006
Haigh, N., Walker, J., Bacq, S., & Kickul, J. (2015). Hybrid organizations; Origins, Strategies and Implications. California Management Review, 57(3), 5-12. https://doi.org/10.1525%2Fcmr.2015.57.3.5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/cmr.2015.57.3.5
Harrison, J. S., Bosse, D. A., & Phillips, R. A. (2010). Managing for stakeholders, stakeholder utility functions, and competitive advantage. Strategic Management Journal, 31(1), 58-74. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.801 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.801
Hazenberg, R., Bajwa-Patel, M., Mazzei, M., Roy, M. J., & Baglioni, S. (2016). The role of institutional and stakeholder networks in shaping social enterprise ecosystems in Europe. Social Enterprise Journal, 12(3), 302-321. https://doi.org/10.1108/SEJ-10-2016-0044 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/SEJ-10-2016-0044
Hossain Sohel, M., & Shamsuddoha, M. (2020). The Essence of "Social" in Social Entrepreneurship. Society & Sustainability, 1(January), 38-45. Retrieved from https://riiopenjournals.com/index.php/society_sustainability/index
ICE, & Pipe Social. (2019). O que são negócios de impacto: características que definem empreendimenos como negócios de impacto. São Paulo: Instituto de Cidadania Empresarial. Retrieved from https://forcatarefa-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/2019/11/ICE-Estudo_Negócios-de-Impacto-2019_Web.pdf
Kaiserfeld, T. (2013). Why New Hybrid Organizations are Formed: Historical Perspectives on Epistemic and Academic Drift. Minerva, 51(2), 171-194. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11024-013-9226-x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11024-013-9226-x
Kim, S., Karlesky, M. J., Myers, C. G., & Schifeling, T. (2016). Social Responsibility: Why Companies Are Becoming B Corporations. Harvard Business Review, 2-5. Retrieved from http://www.christophergmyers.net/publication/2016-kim-hbr/kim2016hbr.pdf
Kimmitt, J., & Muñoz, P. (2018). Sensemaking the 'social' in social entrepreneurship. International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship, 36(8), 859-886. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242618789230 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242618789230
Lantos, G. P. (2001). The boundaries of strategic corporate social responsibility. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 18(7), 595-632. https://doi.org/10.1108/07363760110410281 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/07363760110410281
Laufer, W. S. (2003). Social Accountability and Corporate Greenwashing. Journal of Business Ethics, 43(3), 253-261. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022962719299 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022962719299
Lee, M., & Battilana, J. (2013). How the Zebra Got its Stripes: Imprinting of Individuals and Hybrid Social Ventures (Harvard Business School Organizational Behavior Unit Working Paper). Harvard Business School Organizational Behavior Unit Working Paper (Vol. 14-005). Business School Organizational Behavior Unit Working Paper. Retrieved from http://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Publication Files/14-005_3b5dfa9a-58ec-4279-83fa-9305a93883d8.pdf
Mackey, J., & Sisodia, R. (2014). Capitalismo Consciente. São Paulo: HSM Editora.
Márquez, P., Reficco, E., & Berger, G. (2009). Negocios Inclusivos en America Latina. Harvard Business Review, 87(5), 28-38.
Marrewijk, M. Van. (2003). Concepts and definitions of CSR and corporate sustainability: between agency and communion. Journal of Business Ethics, 44(2/3), 95-105. Recuperado de http://www.jstor.org/stable/25075020
McMullen, J. S. (2018). Organizational hybrids as biological hybrids: Insights for research on the relationship between social enterprise and the entrepreneurial ecosystem. Journal of Business Venturing, 33(5), 575–590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2018.06.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2018.06.001
Murphy, P. J., & Coombes, S. M. (2009). A Model of Social Entrepreneurial Discovery. Journal of Business Ethics, 87(3), 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9921-y DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9921-y
Phillips, W., Lee, H., Ghobadian, A., O'Regan, N., & James, P. (2015). Social Innovation and Social Entrepreneurship: A Systematic Review. Group and Organization Management, 40(3), 428-461. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601114560063 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601114560063
PNUD Brasil, & Sebrae. (2018). Gestão do conhecimento no ecossistema de Negócios de Impacto no Brasil. São Paulo: Pnud Brasil / Sebrae. Recuperado de https://www.undp.org/content/dam/brazil/docs/publicacoes/prosperidade/1-Gestao-conhecimento-ecossistema-Negoocios-de-Impacto-Brasil.pdf
Porter, M. E., & Kramer, M. R. (2006). Strategy and society: the link between competitive advantage and corporate social responsibility. Harvard Business Review, 84(12), 78-92. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2006/12/strategy-and-society-the-link-between-competitive-advantage-and-corporate-social-responsibility
Porter, M. E., & Kramer, M. R. (2011). Creating Shared Value. Harvard Business Review, 89(1/2), 62-77. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2011/01/the-big-idea-creating-shared-value
Rawhouser, H., Cummings, M., & Newbert, S. L. (2017). Social Impact Measurement: Current Approaches and Future Directions for Social Entrepreneurship Research. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, online fir (September), 1-34. https://doi.org/10.1177/1042258717727718 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1042258717727718
Rodrigues, J., & Comini, G. M. (2018). O movimento B Corp: significados, potencialidades e desafios. Organizações e Sustentabilidade, 7(1), 47-70. https://doi.org/10.5433/2318-9223.2019v7n1p47 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5433/2318-9223.2019v7n1p47
Sabeti, H. (2011). To Reform Capitalism, CEOs Should Champion Structural Reforms. Harvard Business Review, 84(9), 135-145. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2011/10/to-reform-capitalism-ceos-shou
Santos, F., Pache, A.-C., & Birkholz, C. (2015). Making Hybrids Work: Aligning Business Models and Organizational Design for Social Enterprises. California Management Review, 57(3), 36-58. https://doi.org/10.1525/cmr.2015.57.3.36 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/cmr.2015.57.3.36
Schmitz, B. (2015). Beyond Structural Governance. International Studies of Management & Organization, 45(3), 241-258. https://doi.org/10.1080/00208825.2015.1006029 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00208825.2015.1006029
Schoolman, E. D., Guest, J. S., Bush, K. F., & Bell, A. R. (2012). How interdisciplinary is sustainability research? Analyzing the structure of an emerging scientific field. Sustainability Science, 7(1), 67-80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-011-0139-z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-011-0139-z
Sen, A. (2000). Desenvolvimento como liberdade. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras.
Singer, P. (2002). Introdução à Economia Solidária (1st ed.). São Paulo: Fundação Perseu Abramo.
Sisodia, R. S. (2009). Doing business in the age of conscious capitalism. Journal of Indian Business Research, 1(2/3), 188-192. https://doi.org/10.1108/17554190911005354 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/17554190911005354
Streit, J. A. C. (2014). Resenhas bibliográficas: Sustentabilidade: o que é, o que não é. Revista de Administração Contemporânea, 18(3), 368-371. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-7849rac20141400 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-7849rac20141400
Stubbs, W. (2017). Sustainable Entrepreneurship and B Corps. Business Strategy and the Environment, 26(3), 331-344. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.1920 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.1920
The Impact Management Project. (2017). The Impact Management Project. Recuperado de http://www.impactmanagementproject.com/
Van Beurden, P., & Gössling, T. (2008). The Worth of Values – A Literature Review on the Relation Between Corporate Social and Financial Performance. Journal of Business Ethics, 82(2), 407-424. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9894-x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9894-x
Veiga, J. E. da. (2013). Desenvolvimento Sustentável. São Paulo: Garamond.
Wood, D. (2010). Measuring Corporate Social Performance: A Review. International Journal of Management Reviews, 12(1), 50-84. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.1991.4279616 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2009.00274.x
Wood, D. J. (1991). Corporate Social Performance Revisited. Academy of Management Review, 16(4), 691-718. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.1991.4279616 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1991.4279616
Wood Jr., T. (2010). Organizações híbridas. Revista de Administração de Empresas, 50(2), 241–247. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-75902010000200008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-75902010000200008
Yunus, M. (2000). Criando um negócio social: como iniciativas economicamente variáveis podem solucionar os grandes problemas da sociedade. Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier.
Zahra, S. A., Gedajlovic, E., Neubaum, D. O., & Shulman, J. M. (2009). A typology of social entrepreneurs: Motives, search processes and ethical challenges. Journal of Business Venturing, 24(5), 519-532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2008.04.007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2008.04.007
Downloads
Published
Métricas
Visualizações do artigo: 2516 PDF (Português (Brasil)) downloads: 894 PDF downloads: 226
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
-
The author(s) authorize the publication of the text in the journal;
-
The journal is not responsible for the opinions, ideas, and concepts expressed in the texts, as they are the sole responsibility of their authors;
-
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication, with the work published under the CC BY 4.0
License, which allows sharing the work with acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal; -
Authors are allowed and encouraged to post their work (Submitted version, Accepted version [Manuscript accepted by the author], or Published version [Record version]) online, for example in institutional repositories or preprints, as it can lead to productive exchanges as well as earlier and greater citation of published work. REGEPE requires that authors indicate/link the published article with DOI. See the Effect of Open Access.
