Evaluación de la validez del Global Entrepreneurship Index
DOI:
10.14211/ibjesb.e2050Palabras clave:
Sistema Nacional de Emprendimiento, Ecosistema de Emprendimiento, Índice compuestoResumen
Objetivo: nuestro objetivo es evaluar si el Global Entrepreneurship Index es un método válido para medir los sistemas nacionales de emprendimiento. Método: para lograr el objetivo, realizamos un modelado de ecuaciones estructurales para medir el modelo formativo del Global Entrepreneurship Index (GEI), utilizando el software SmartPLS 3.0, con el fin de verificar si los indicadores del GEI son convergentes para los constructos; la colinealidad de los indicadores y su relevancia para medir el espíritu empresarial a nivel de país. Originalidad/Relevancia: si bien el GEI se basa em las recomendaciones de la OCDE para la construcción de indicadores compuestos (índices), no hemos identificado ningún estudio (ni siquiera realizado por los desarrolladores del GEI) sobre la validez del índice como instrumento de medición del emprendimiento. Resultados: los resultados obtenidos muestran que los subíndices e indicadores son adecuados para medir el emprendimiento. Sin embargo, identificamos que existe la necesidad de reemplazar los componentes a nivel micro de los indicadores “opportunity perception” y “networking” que brindan resultados distorsionados de lo que se entiende como emprendimiento productivo o de alto impacto. Contribuciones teóricas/metodológicas: las principales contribuciones de nuestro estúdio están dirigidas a los desarrolladores de indicadores. Sugerimos el uso de componentes que capturen aspectos asociados con el emprendimiento de alto impacto o de base tecnológica en lugar de cualquier intento de crear un nuevo negocio, ya que nuestros resultados indican que los componentes genéricos brindan resultados miopes sobre el estado del emprendimiento, dificultando los estudios comparativos a nivel del país.
Descargas
Citas
Ács, Z. J., Åstebro, T., Audretsch, D., & Robinson, D. T. (2016). Public policy to promote entrepreneurship: a call to arms. Small Business Economics, 47(1), 35-51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-016-9712-2
Ács, Z. J., Autio, E., & Szerb, L. (2014). National Systems of Entrepreneurship: Measurement issues and policy implications. Research Policy, 43(3), 476-494. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2013.08.016
Ács, Z. J., & Correa, P. (2014). Identifying the Obstacles to High-Impact Entrepreneurship in Latin America and the Caribbean. GMU School of Public Policy Research Paper, (5), 1-48. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2534412
Ács, Z. J., Estrin, S., Mickiewicz, T., & Szerb, L. (2018a). Entrepreneurship, institutional economics, and economic growth: an ecosystem perspective. Small Business Economics, 51(2), 501-514. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-018-0013-9
Ács, Z. J., & Szerb, L. (2009). The Global Entrepreneurship Index (GEINDEX). Foundations and Trends® in Entrepreneurship, 5(5), 341-435. https://doi.org/10.1561/0300000027
Ács, Z. J., Szerb, L., Autio, E., & Lloyd, A. (2018b). The Global Entrepreneurship Index 2018. The Global Entrepreneurship and Development Institute. New York: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03279-1
Ali, A., Kelley, D. J., & Levie, J. (2020). Market-driven entrepreneurship and institutions. Journal of Business Research, 113, 117-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.03.010
Amorós, J. E., Cristi, O., & Naudé, W. (2021). Entrepreneurship and subjective well-being: Does the motivation to start-up a firm matter? Journal of Business Research, 127, 389-398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.11.044
Asante, E. A., & Affum-Osei, E. (2019). Entrepreneurship as a career choice: The impact of locus of control on aspiring entrepreneurs’ opportunity recognition. Journal of Business Research, 98, 227-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.02.006
Atiase, V. Y., Mahmood, S., Wang, Y., & Botchie, D. (2018). Developing entrepreneurship in Africa: investigating critical resource challenges. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 25(4), 644-666. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-03-2017-0084
Audretsch, D. B., & Belitski, M. (2017). Entrepreneurial ecosystems in cities: establishing the framework conditions. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 42(5), 1030-1051. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-016-9473-8
Autio, E., & Fu, K. (2014). Economic and political institutions and entry into formal and informal entrepreneurship. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 32(1), 67-94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-014-9381-0
Autio, E., & Rannikko, H. (2016). Retaining winners: Can policy boost high-growth entrepreneurship? Research Policy, 45(1), 42-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2015.06.002
Belitski, M., & Desai, S. (2016). Creativity, entrepreneurship and economic development: city-level evidence on creativity spillover of entrepreneurship. Journal of Technology Transfer, 41(6), 1354-1376. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-015-9446-3
Beynon, M. J., Jones, P., & Pickernell, D. (2020). Country-level entrepreneurial attitudes and activity through the years: A panel data analysis using fsQCA. Journal of Business Research, 115, 443-455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.11.021
Bido, D. de S., & Da Silva, D. (2019). SmartPLS 3: especificação, estimação, avaliação e relato. Administração: Ensino e Pesquisa, 20(2), 488-536. https://doi.org/10.13058/raep.2019.v20n2.1545
Bogatyreva, K., Edelman, L. F., Manolova, T. S., Osiyevskyy, O., & Shirokova, G. (2019). When do entrepreneurial intentions lead to actions? The role of national culture. Journal of Business Research, 96, 309-321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.11.034
Bogetoft, P. (2012). Performance Benchmarking. New York: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6043-5
Bosma, N., Hill, S., Ionescu-Somers, A., Kelley, D., Levie, J., & Tarnawa, A. (2020). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor: 2019/2020 Global Report. London: Global Entrepreneurship Research Association and London Business School. Retrived from https://www.babson.edu/media/babson/assets/global-entrepreneurship-monitor/2019-2020-GEM-Global-Report.pdf
Bosma, N., & Sternberg, R. (2014). Entrepreneurship as an urban event? Empirical evidence from European cities. Regional Studies, 48(6), 1016-1033. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2014.904041
Bruns, K., Bosma, N., Sanders, M., & Schramm, M. (2017). Searching for the existence of entrepreneurial ecosystems: a regional cross-section growth regression approach. Small Business Economics, 49(1), 31-54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-017-9866-6
Buenstorf, G., & Costa, C. (2018). Drivers of spin-off performance in industry clusters: Embodied knowledge or embedded firms? Research Policy, 47(3), 663-673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2018.01.015
Cervelló-Royo, R., Moya-Clemente, I., Perelló-Marín, M. R., & Ribes-Giner, G. (2020). Sustainable development, economic and financial factors, that influence the opportunity-driven entrepreneurship. An fsQCA approach. Journal of Business Research, 115, 393-402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.10.031
Chang, Y.-Y., & Chen, M.-H. (2020). Creative entrepreneurs’ creativity, opportunity recognition, and career success: Is resource availability a double-edged sword? European Management Journal, 38(5), 750-762. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2020.03.004
Cieślik, J., Kaciak, E., & Van Stel, A. (2018). Country-level determinants and consequences of overconfidence in the ambitious entrepreneurship segment. International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship, 36(5), 473-499. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242617748201
De Bernardi, P., & Azucar, D. (2020). Innovation and Entrepreneurial Ecosystems: Structure, Boundaries, and Dynamics. In Innovation in Food Ecosystems: Entrepreneurship for a Sustainable Future (pp. 73-104). New York: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33502-1_3
Dosi, G. (1982). Technological paradigms and technological trajectories. Research Policy, 11(3), 147-162. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-7333(82)90016-6
Dutta, N., & Meierrieks, D. (2021). Financial development and entrepreneurship. International Review of Economics & Finance, 73, 114-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2021.01.002
Edquist, C. (1997). Systems of Innovation: Technologies, Institutions, and Organizations (1st ed.). London, England: Pinter Publisher Ltd.
Farinha, L., Lopes, J., Bagchi-Sen, S., Sebastião, J. R., & Oliveira, J. (2020). Entrepreneurial dynamics and government policies to boost entrepreneurship performance. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 72, 100950.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2020.100950
Feld, B. (2012). Startup Communities: Building an Entrepreneurial Ecosystem in Your City. New Jersey, USA: John Wiley & Sons.
Fredström, A., Peltonen, J., & Wincent, J. (2021). A country-level institutional perspective on entrepreneurship productivity: The effects of informal economy and regulation. Journal of Business Venturing, 36(5), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2020.106002
Freeman, C. (1995). The national system of innovation in historical perspective. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 19(1), 5-24.
Fuster, E., Padilla-Meléndez, A., Lockett, N., & Del-Águila-Obra, A. R. (2019). The emerging role of university spin-off companies in developing regional entrepreneurial university ecosystems: The case of Andalusia. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 141, 219-231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.10.020
GEM. (2017). Global Report 2016/17. Global Entrepreneurship Research Association. Retrived from https://www.gemconsortium.org/file/open?fileId=49812
González-Uribe, J., & Reyes, S. (2021). Identifying and boosting “Gazelles”: Evidence from business accelerators. Journal of Financial Economics, 139(1), 260-287.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.07.012
Gudergan, S. P., Ringle, C. M., Wende, S., & Will, A. (2008). Confirmatory tetrad analysis in PLS path modeling. Journal of Business Research, 61(12), 1238-1249.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2008.01.012
Hair, J. F., Hult, T. G., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural (PLS-SEM) (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, California, USA: Sage Publications Inc.
Hamdi-Kidar, L., & Vellera, C. (2018). Triggers entrepreneurship among creative consumers. Journal of Business Research, 92, 465-473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.07.018
Huynh, T., Patton, D., Arias-Aranda, D., & Molina-Fernández, L. M. (2017). University spin-off’s performance: Capabilities and networks of founding teams at creation phase. Journal of Business Research, 78, 10-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.04.015
Inácio Jr., E., Dionisio, E. A., Fischer, B. B., Li, Y., & Meissner, D. (2021). The global entrepreneurship index as a benchmarking tool? Criticisms from an efficiency perspective. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 22(1), 190-212. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIC-09-2019-0218
Isenberg, D. J. (2010). How to Start an Entrepreneurial Revolution. Harvard Business Review, 88(6), 40-50.
Kantis, H., Federico, J., & García, S. I. (2018). Opening the black box of ecosystem diversity around the globe: The Index of Dynamic Entrepreneurship (IDE) (1st ed.). Santa Fé, Argentina: Asociación Civil Red Pymes Mercosur.
Kaya, M. C., & Persson, L. (2019). A theory of gazelle growth: Competition, venture capital finance and policy. The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, 50, 101019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.najef.2019.101019
Kline, S. J., & Rosenberg, N. (1986). An Overview of Innovation. In R. Landau & N. Rosenberg (Eds.), The Positive Sum Strategy: Harnessing Technology for Economic Growth (275-306). Washington, USA: National Academy of Sciences.
Krugman, P. (1991). Increasing returns and economic geography. The Journal of Political Economy, 99(3), 483-499.
Kuratko, D. F. (2009). The entrepreneurial imperative of the 21st century. Business Horizons, 52(5), 421-428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2009.04.006
Kurato, D. F., & Covin, J. G. (2008). The concept of corporate entrepreneurship. In V. K. Narayanan & G. G. O’Connor (Eds.), Encyclopedia of technology and innovation management (pp. 207-214). New Jersey, USA: Blackwell Publishers.
Lafuente, E., Ács, Z. J., Sanders, M., & Szerb, L. (2020). The global technology frontier: productivity growth and the relevance of Kirznerian and Schumpeterian entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics, 55(1), 153-178. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-019-00140-1
Lafuente, E., Szerb, L., & Ács, Z. J. (2016). Country level efficiency and national systems of entrepreneurship: a data envelopment analysis approach. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 41(6), 1260-1283. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-015-9440-9
Landström, H., Åström, F., & Harirchi, G. (2015). Innovation and entrepreneurship studies: one or two fields of research? International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 11(3), 493-509. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-013-0282-3
Lassalle, P., Johanson, M., Nicholson, J. D., & Ratajczak-Mrozek, M. (2020). Migrant entrepreneurship and markets: The dynamic role of embeddedness in networks in the creation of opportunities. Industrial Marketing Management, 91, 523-536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2020.04.009
Lattacher, W., Gregori, P., Holzmann, P., & Schwarz, E. J. (2021). Knowledge spillover in entrepreneurial emergence: A learning perspective. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 166, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120660
Lederman, D., Messina, J., Pienknagura, S., & Rigolini, J. (2014). Latin American Entrepreneurs: many firms but little innovation. Washington, D.C., USA: The World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0012-2
Leendertse, J., Schrijvers, M., & Stam, E. (2021). Measure Twice, Cut Once: Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Metrics. Research Policy, Online. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2021.104336
Lundvall, B.-Å. (1992). National Systems of Innovation: Towards a Theory of Innovation and Interactive Learning (1st ed.). London: Pinter Publishers.
Malerba, F., & McKelvey, M. (2020). Knowledge-intensive innovative entrepreneurship integrating Schumpeter, evolutionary economics, and innovation systems. Small Business Economics, 54(2), 503-522. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-018-0060-2
Malerba, F., & Pisano, G. P. (2019). Innovation, competition and sectoral evolution: an introduction to the special section on Industrial Dynamics. Industrial and Corporate Change, 28(3), 503-510. https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/dtz017
Mason, C., & Brown, R. (2014). Entrepreneurial ecosystems and growth-oriented enterprises. Berlin: OECD Publishing.
Neill, S., Metcalf, L. E., & York, J. L. (2017). Distinguishing entrepreneurial approaches to opportunity perception. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 23(2), 296-316. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-05-2016-0162
Nelson, R. R. (1993). National innovation systems: a comparative analysis (1st ed.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
OECD. (2008). Handbook on Constructing Composite Indicators: Methodology and User Guide. European Union: OECD Publishing.
Omri, A. (2020). Formal versus informal entrepreneurship in emerging economies: The roles of governance and the financial sector. Journal of Business Research, 108, 277-290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.11.027
Ordeñana, X., Vera-Gilces, P., Zambrano-Vera, J., & Amaya, A. (2019). Does all entrepreneurship matter? The contribution of entrepreneurial activity to economic growth. Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración, 33(1), 25-48. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARLA-11-2018-0256
Radosevic, S., & Yoruk, E. (2013). Entrepreneurial propensity of innovation systems: Theory, methodology and evidence. Research Policy, 42(5), 1015-1038.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2013.01.011
Roundy, P. T., Bradshaw, M., & Brockman, B. K. (2018). The emergence of entrepreneurial ecosystems: A complex adaptive systems approach. Journal of Business Research, 86, 1-10. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.01.032
Salman, D. M. (2016). What is the role of public policies to robust international entrepreneurial activities on economic growth? Evidence from cross countries study. Future Business Journal, 2(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbj.2016.02.001
Schumpeter, J. A. (1949). Economic Theory and Entrepreneurial History. In J. A. Schumpeter (Ed.), Change and the Entrepreneur: postulates and patterns of entrepreneurial history (pp. 63-84). Cambridge, MA, USA: Harvard University Press.
Schumpeter, J. A. (2011). The Theory of Economic Development: An Inquiry into Profits, Capital, Credit, Interest, and the Business Cycle (1st ed.). New Jersey, USA: Transaction Publishers.
Shane, S. (2009). Why encouraging more people to become entrepreneurs is bad public policy. Small Business Economics, 33(2), 141-149. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-009-9215-5
Sousa-Ginel, E., Franco-Leal, N., & Camelo-Ordaz, C. (2021). Knowledge conversion capability and networks as drivers of innovation in Academic Spin-Offs. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 59, 101615. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jengtecman.2021.101615
Spigel, B., & Harrison, R. (2018). Toward a process theory of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 12(1), 151-168. https://doi.org/10.1002/sej.1268
Stam, E. (2015). Entrepreneurial Ecosystems and Regional Policy: A Sympathetic Critique. European Planning Studies, 23(9), 1759-1769. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2015.1061484
Stam, E., & Van de Ven, A. (2021). Entrepreneurial ecosystem elements. Small Business Economics, 56(2), 809-832. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-019-00270-6
Sternberg, R., Bloh, J. von, & Coduras, A. (2019). A new framework to measure entrepreneurial ecosystems at the regional level. Zeitschrift Für Wirtschaftsgeographie, 63(2-4), 103-117. https://doi.org/10.1515/zfw-2018-0014
Steruska, J., Simkova, N., & Pitner, T. (2019). Do science and technology parks improve technology transfer? Technology in Society, 59, 101127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2019.04.003
Szerb, L., Ács, Z. J., Autio, E., Ortega-Argilés, R., & Komlósi, É. (2014). REDI: The Regional Entrepreneurship and Development Index - Measuring regional entrepreneurship. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. https://doi.org/10.2776/79241
Szerb, L., Ortega‐Argilés, R., Ács, Z. J., & Komlósi, É. (2020). Optimizing entrepreneurial development processes for smart specialization in the European Union. Papers in Regional Science, 99(5), 1413-1457. https://doi.org/10.1111/pirs.12536
Szerb, L., & Trumbull, W. N. (2018). Entrepreneurship development in Russia: is Russia a normal country? An empirical analysis. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 25(6), 902-929. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-01-2018-0033
Tavassoli, S., Obschonka, M., & Audretsch, D. B. (2021). Entrepreneurship in Cities. Research Policy, 50(7), 104255.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2021.104255
Ha, N. T. T., & Hoa, L. B. (2018). Evaluating entrepreneurship performance in Vietnam through the global entrepreneurship development index approach. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 23(01), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1084946718500061.
Udimal, T. B., Luo, M., Liu, E., & Mensah, N. O. (2020). How has formal institutions influenced opportunity and necessity entrepreneurship? The case of brics economies. Heliyon, 6(9), e04931. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04931
WEF. (2017). The global competitiveness report 2017-2018. Cologny, Suíça: The World Economic Forum.
Welter, C., & Alvarez, S. (2015). The state of opportunities: clarifying the transitions between opportunity types. Management Decision, 53(7), 1398-1411. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-07-2014-0466
Wood, M. S., & Mckinley, W. (2017). After the Venture: The Reproduction and Destruction of Entrepreneurial Opportunity. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 11(1), 18-35. https://doi.org/10.1002/sej.1238
Xie, K., Song, Y., Zhang, W., Hao, J., Liu, Z., & Chen, Y. (2018). Technological entrepreneurship in science parks: A case study of Wuhan Donghu High-Tech Zone. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 135, 156-168.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.01.021
Zheng, S., & Du, R. (2020). How does urban agglomeration integration promote entrepreneurship in China? Evidence from regional human capital spillovers and market integration. Cities, 97, 102529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2019.102529
Descargas
Publicado
Métricas
Visualizações do artigo: 949 PDF (Português (Brasil)) downloads: 186 PDF (English) downloads: 186
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2022 Eduardo Avancci Dionisio, Dirceu Silva, Ruy Quadros Carvalho, Edmundo Inácio Júnior
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Los autores que publican en esta revista están de acuerdo con los siguientes términos:
-
El/La autor(a)/es(as) autorizan la publicación del texto en la revista;
-
La revista no se responsabiliza de las opiniones, ideas y conceptos emitidos en los textos, ya que son de entera responsabilidad de sus autores/autoras;
-
Los autores/autoras mantienen los derechos de autor y conceden a la revista el derecho de la primera publicación, con el trabajo publicado bajo la Licencia CC BY 4.0
, que permite el compartir el trabajo con reconocimiento de la autoría y la publicación inicial en esta revista; -
Los autores/autoras están permitidos y animados a publicar su trabajo (Versión enviada, Versión aceptada [Manuscrito aceptado por el autor/autora] o Versión publicada [Versión del registro]) en línea, por ejemplo, en repositorios institucionales o preprints, ya que puede llevar a intercambios productivos, así como a citas anteriores y mayores de trabajos publicados. REGEPE pide como condición política para los autores/autoras que indiquen/vinculen el artículo publicado con DOI. Vea el Efecto del Acceso Abierto.
