Orientação de Mercado para Pequenas e Médias Empresas de Imigrantes Brasileiros no Exterior
DOI:
10.14211/regepe.v9i4.1765Palavras-chave:
Empreendedor imigrante, Orientação de mercado, Oportunidade de mercado, Enclave étnico, ImigraçãoResumo
Objetivo: contribuir para o campo de estudo do empreendedorismo, no contexto das empresas étnicas ou de imigrantes, ao analisar variáveis que definem sua orientação de mercado e as decisões estratégicas tomadas, aprofundando o conhecimento sobre o assunto.
Método: foi utilizada a coleta de dados com estratégias multimétodos (quantitativa e qualitativa), sendo sua principal estratégia a entrevista em profundidade, que compõe a análise de múltiplos casos de empreendedores no exterior, oriundos de diferentes comunidades brasileiras. Essas informações foram trianguladas, a partir de dados de surveys realizadas com brasileiros na Austrália, no Canadá, em Portugal e na Estônia, da netnografia e da análise documental. Sendo assim, análises intra e intercasos foram feitas, visando encontrar similaridades e diferenças nos resultados alcançados.
Originalidade/Relevância: o artigo enfoca uma importante questão, que envolve as grandes economias mundiais – os imigrantes. Dadas as dificuldades em sua inserção nas sociedades acolhedoras, eles tendem a ser identificados como “problemas sociais”. Por outro lado, a aplicação de modelos de negócios e de propostas de orientação mercadológica para empreendedores imigrantes, viabiliza um caminho para a sua ascensão econômica e social. Ao se tornarem empreendedores bem-sucedidos, eles podem reverter essa percepção discriminatória a seu respeito.
Resultados: com base nos dados coletados, bem como na análise de artigos da literatura existente, foram identificadas quatro orientações diferentes de mercado: (1) foco no nicho de mercado étnico, (2) foco em interesses específicos, (3) foco em produtos exóticos para o cliente local, e (4) foco em mercados altamente competitivos. Uma matriz 2 x 2 é apresentada, incluindo as variáveis: (a) grau de afiliação de empreendedores com suas comunidades étnicas e seu público-alvo, e (b) segmentos de mercado enfocados.
Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: uma das principais contribuições teóricas deste artigo é apoiar a discussão sobre a orientação para o mercado de imigrantes, os empreendimentos étnicos e as decisões do público-alvo a ser atendido. Além disso, o artigo inova, ao discutir decisões estratégicas, no contexto de pequenos e médios negócios de brasileiros no exterior.
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