Estrategias procíclicas y anticíclicas en los resultados de las MIPYME en un contexto de crisis: Un estudio de la pandemia COVID-19
DOI:
10.14211/regepe.esbj.e2311Palabras clave:
Crisis, Rendimiento, Pequeñas y medianas empresas, COVID-19Resumen
Objetivo: Investigar el impacto de las estrategias procíclicas y contracíclicas en el desempeño de las mipymes en el contexto de la crisis de Covid-19. Método/enfoque: Cuantitativo, por muestreo, con 118 micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Se utilizó la contribución del análisis de correlación de Spearman y el análisis de regresión lineal múltiple. Principais Resultados: no período dominado pela pandemia (2020/2021), as estratégias anticíclicas apresentaram desempenho superior àqueles que utilizam estratégias procíclicas. Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: Embora a literatura explore as estratégias procíclicas, os estudos que associam a influência das estratégias procíclicas e anticíclicas no desempenho organizacional são ainda escasos. Esta laguna es aún más evidente cuando se consideran las mipymes en contextos de crisis. Al asociar dimensiones aún nuevas, como recursos humanos, marketing y producción, entre otras, este artículo ayuda a llenar lagunas asociadas, aún hoy, a la falta de trabajos que busquen modelos integrados capaces de comprender mejor el impacto de las crisis, como el COVID-19. Relevancia/Originalidad: el artículo innova al asociar, en el contexto de la literatura sobre crisis, los dos tipos de estrategias (contracíclicas y procíclicas), en la elaboración y prueba de un modelo analítico integrado, compuesto por diferentes variables, y capaz de ser utilizado no sólo en nuevas investigaciones, sino también en el contexto empresarial. Contribuciones sociales y de gestión: al demostrar que los recortes de las inversiones en marketing y otras áreas producen efectos adversos en el rendimiento, y que las organizaciones se benefician conservando a los empleados en lugar de despedirlos, este estudio arroja luz sobre la relevancia de las estrategias anticíclicas, que aún deben explorarse mejor.
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